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Nonconforming gender expression and adolescent indoor tanning
Ruili Li1, Ciren Zhuoma2, Huihui Ren2
1Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
BMC Public Health
|November 1, 2025
Summary
Gender nonconforming adolescent males and transgender adolescents show higher indoor tanning rates, a preventable skin cancer risk. Targeted prevention efforts for gender minorities could reduce skin cancer incidence.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Dermatology
- Adolescent Health
Background:
- Gender nonconformity (GNC) is linked to adverse health outcomes.
- Indoor tanning is a major preventable cause of skin cancer.
- Understanding GNC's association with indoor tanning in adolescents is crucial for public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between gender nonconformity (GNC) and adolescent indoor tanning.
- To identify specific gender minority groups at higher risk for indoor tanning behaviors.
- To inform targeted skin cancer prevention strategies for adolescents.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of the 2017 Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey data.
- Inclusion of 50,492 high school students (grades 9-12).
- Logistic regression models used to assess the association between GNC indicators and 12-month indoor tanning history, controlling for relevant factors.
Main Results:
- Indoor tanning prevalence was 6.8% among surveyed students.
- Male students with moderate to high GNC exhibited significantly higher odds of indoor tanning.
- Transgender adolescents reported substantially higher odds of indoor tanning compared to cisgender peers.
Conclusions:
- Gender nonconforming adolescent males and transgender adolescents are at increased risk for indoor tanning.
- Skin cancer prevention programs should consider tailoring interventions for gender minority youth.
- Addressing indoor tanning behaviors in vulnerable adolescent populations is key to reducing skin cancer risk.
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