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X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Published on: March 19, 2017

High-Performance and Stable b-PBD/Perovskite Liquid Scintillators for X-ray Imaging.

Yumeng Wang^1,2, Beiping Liu³, Yingming Liu¹

¹Center for Photonics Information and Energy Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|November 1, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed efficient liquid scintillators using hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). This breakthrough enhances X-ray detection and imaging capabilities for various scientific and medical applications.

Keywords:

X-ray imaging b-PBD liquid scintillator perovskite nanocrystals radioluminescence efficiency

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Last Updated: May 3, 2026

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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

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Published on: October 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Radiological Physics

Background:

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) offer high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and X-ray absorption, but solid-state films face stability and deposition issues.
Liquid scintillators provide better stability and scalability but suffer from reduced PNC scintillation efficiency in solution.

Purpose of the Study:

To enhance the scintillation efficiency of PNCs in liquid solutions.
To develop novel, efficient, and cost-effective liquid scintillators for X-ray detection and imaging.
To investigate the underlying enhancement mechanism through material characterization and theoretical analysis.

Main Methods:

Surface hybridization of metal halide perovskite CsPbX3 nanocrystals (NCs) with the organic molecule b-PBD.
Characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density-functional theory (DFT).
Fabrication and testing of a liquid X-ray imager using the developed CsPbBr3/b-PBD composite.

Main Results:

The hybrid system achieved an 18.59-fold increase in X-ray radioluminescence quantum yield compared to pristine CsPbBr3 solutions.
The composite demonstrated remarkable stability under high-dose X-ray irradiation and prolonged ambient exposure.
A CsPbBr3/b-PBD liquid X-ray imager exhibited a high spatial resolution of 4.9 lp/mm.
The enhancement mechanism was confirmed to involve X-ray-induced electron transfer from b-PBD to PNCs via N-Pb bond formation.

Conclusions:

Organic-inorganic hybridization of PNCs with b-PBD creates efficient and stable liquid scintillators.
This strategy offers a universal enhancement across various perovskite compositions and dopants.
The developed liquid scintillators are suitable for low-dose radiation detection and diverse imaging applications.