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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

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Updated: May 5, 2026

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 14, 2019

Association Between Intraindividual Variability in Cognitive Performance and White Matter Organisation in Chronic

Jake Burnett^1,2, Annalee L Cobden^1,3, Alex Burmester¹

¹Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.

Human Brain Mapping

|November 1, 2025

Summary

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) causes persistent cognitive variability, not just deficits. This study found higher intraindividual variability in mTBI patients, linked to symptoms and white matter changes.

Keywords:

cognition diffusion MRI ecological momentary assessment fixel‐based analysis intraindividual variability traumatic brain injury white matter

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 14, 2019

Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury

Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: May 27, 2022

Development of an Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Model Modified by Weight-Drop Method and Evidenced by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Development of an Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Model Modified by Weight-Drop Method and Evidenced by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Neurology

Background:

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) often leads to lasting cognitive impairments, affecting attention, processing speed, and working memory.
Most research focuses on average cognitive performance, with less understanding of intraindividual variability (IIV) post-mTBI.
IIV refers to fluctuations in performance within an individual over time.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate IIV in cognitive performance in chronic mTBI patients compared to healthy controls.
To explore the relationship between IIV, post-concussive symptoms, and white matter integrity in mTBI.
To identify potential biomarkers for cognitive dynamics after mTBI.

Main Methods:

Compared IIV in cognitive performance between 11 chronic mTBI patients and 22 healthy controls.
Utilized a single testing session with a processing speed task and a 30-day smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) for daily symptom and cognitive monitoring.
Conducted multi-shell diffusion MRI to assess white matter organization, specifically in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus-II (SLF-II).

Main Results:

mTBI patients exhibited significantly higher IIV than controls in both trial-by-trial and daily EMA measures.
Increased daily IIV in cognitive performance correlated with greater fluctuations in post-concussive symptoms.
mTBI patients showed reduced white matter organization in the left SLF-II, and trial-by-trial IIV was associated with these white matter alterations.

Conclusions:

mTBI leads to persistent dynamic cognitive deficits into the chronic phase.
White matter integrity in the SLF-II is crucial for maintaining consistent cognitive performance over time.
IIV and SLF-II integrity may serve as valuable biomarkers for understanding cognitive function after mTBI.