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Octacosanol: Biological activities and bioavailability enhancement strategies
Liwen Liang1, Xin Yi Peng1, Qiong Xiao1
1Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
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Octacosanol (C₂₈H₅₈O) is a natural long-chain fatty alcohol that has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its multiple biological activities, including anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects. However, its extremely low bioavailability limits the exertion of its biological activity in vivo and hinders its application potential. Therefore, enhancing its bioavailability has become a current research hotspot. This review analyzes the factors that restrict the bioavailability of octacosanol from the perspectives of bioaccessibility, tissue distribution, absorption, and metabolic transformation. Strategies for improving its bioavailability are systematically summarized, with a focus on nanocomplex, microcapsules, nanoemulsions, and micelles. Finally, the potential applications of modern technologies such as molecular dynamics simulations and artificial intelligence in improving its bioavailability are discussed. This review provides theoretical support for the efficient utilization of octacosanol in functional foods and pharmaceuticals and offers insights into delivery strategies for hydrophobic natural products.
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