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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production
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Characterizing biochar by Multi-Element Scanning Thermal Analysis (MESTA).

Yuch P Hsieh1, Glynnis C Bugna1

  • 1Center for Water Resources, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA.

Chemosphere
|November 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Multi-Element Scanning Thermal Analysis (MESTA) offers a simpler way to characterize biochar and feedstock. This technology accurately determines biochar properties, aiding research and quality control for improved soil health.

Keywords:
H/C ratioMulti-element scanning thermal analysis (MESTA)O/C ratioPyrolysis temperatureThermal stabilitybiochar

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Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Biochar amendment enhances soil health, reduces fertilizer needs, and sequesters carbon.
  • Biochar properties depend heavily on feedstock and pyrolysis conditions.
  • Traditional biochar characterization methods are inconvenient and time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate Multi-Element Scanning Thermal Analysis (MESTA) as a simpler method for biochar and feedstock characterization.
  • To assess MESTA's capability in determining elemental composition and thermal stability of biochar.
  • To explore the correlation between feedstock characteristics and biochar properties using MESTA.

Main Methods:

  • Applied Multi-Element Scanning Thermal Analysis (MESTA) to eight feedstocks and sixteen derived biochars produced at various temperatures.
  • Simultaneously determined C, N, H, S, and O content and thermal stability using MESTA.
  • Investigated organic carbon conversion to carbonate and loss-on-ignition effects on oxygen determination.

Main Results:

  • MESTA accurately determined elemental composition (C, N, H, S, O) and thermal stability of biochar.
  • MESTA thermograms of feedstocks predicted biochar yield, thermal stability, and biochar-to-energy ratio.
  • Identified an optimal pyrolysis temperature range of 400-450 °C for balancing biochar quality and energy efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • MESTA is a convenient and powerful tool for comprehensive biochar characterization.
  • MESTA facilitates biochar research, quality control, and optimization of production processes.
  • The findings support the use of MESTA for efficient biochar assessment and development.