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Production of Organic Acids01:25

Production of Organic Acids

Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...

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Extraction of Lignin with High &#946;-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield
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Graphene production from lignin via catalytic graphitization.

Laura G Covinich1, Nicolás M Clauser2, María C Area1

  • 1Programa de Celulosa y Papel (PROCYP), Instituto de Materiales de Misiones (Universidad Nacional de Misiones, UNaM - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET), Argentina.

Bioresource Technology
|November 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored converting lignin into graphene, a novel carbon source. Optimizing process factors is key to improving graphene quality and enabling industrial applications.

Keywords:
BioeconomyBiomass-based grapheneCatalytic mechanismsCatalytic pyrolysisLigninValue-added products

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Graphene-based materials offer diverse applications in nanotechnology.
  • Lignin, a biopolymer, presents a potential alternative carbon source for graphene synthesis.
  • Limited research exists on the mechanisms of graphene formation from lignin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the chemical evolution of lignin during catalytic pyrolysis for graphene production.
  • To analyze catalytic pathways and transformation mechanisms for efficient graphene synthesis.
  • To define structure-property relationships for optimizing lignin-derived graphene yield and quality.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review on lignin-to-graphene conversion.
  • Analysis of process parameters influencing graphene formation (heating rate, temperature, time, catalysts).
  • Examination of factors affecting graphene quality (crystallinity, defects, conductivity).

Main Results:

  • Graphene formation from lignin is influenced by multiple process parameters and precursor characteristics.
  • Key performance indicators of graphene quality are directly linked to these influencing factors.
  • Recent advances show potential for lignin-derived graphene as a viable alternative.

Conclusions:

  • Scaling up lignin-to-graphene conversion faces challenges in cost-effectiveness, consistency, and quality control.
  • Understanding the chemical evolution and catalytic mechanisms is crucial for industrial implementation.
  • Optimizing process factors and understanding structure-property relationships are essential for high-quality graphene production from lignin.