Theta-frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation enhances proactive control in individuals

Area of Science:

• Cognitive Neuroscience
• Neuroplasticity
• Neuromodulation

Background:

• Proactive control involves allocating attentional resources and maintaining information in working memory for task readiness.
• The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is crucial for proactive control, and theta oscillations play a role in cognitive resource distribution.
• Neuroplasticity suggests that proactive control capabilities can be modified through interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the neuroplasticity of proactive control using theta-frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) targeting the DLPFC.
• To examine the relationship between fluid intelligence and proactive control.
• To determine the effects of left versus right DLPFC stimulation on proactive control and fluid intelligence.

Main Methods:

• Fifty-eight participants were randomly assigned to receive either left DLPFC or right DLPFC theta-frequency tACS.
• Proactive control was assessed using event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically the contingent negative variation (CNV), and behavioral accuracy.
• Fluid intelligence was measured pre- and post-stimulation.

Main Results:

• Left DLPFC stimulation significantly enhanced proactive control, evidenced by increased CNV amplitude and improved behavioral accuracy.
• Fluid intelligence scores significantly increased in the left DLPFC stimulation group post-intervention.
• A significant positive correlation was found between proactive control and fluid intelligence; no significant changes were observed with right DLPFC stimulation.

Conclusions:

• Theta-frequency tACS targeting the left DLPFC is an effective neuromodulatory intervention for enhancing proactive control.
• The findings suggest a dynamic interplay between enhanced proactive control and improved fluid intelligence.
• Left DLPFC stimulation holds potential for cognitive enhancement strategies.