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Multifunctional Origami-Inspired Bimodal Wireless Pneumatic Soft Actuator.

Baiqian Xu1, Xiang Xiao1, Juncai Song1

  • 1School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.

Soft Robotics
|November 1, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces an origami-inspired soft actuator that uses a liquid-gas phase transition, eliminating external pumps for versatile applications in soft robotics and artificial muscles.

Keywords:
origamiphase changepneumaticwireless soft actuators

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Area of Science:

  • Soft robotics
  • Materials science
  • Mechanical engineering

Background:

  • Pneumatic soft actuators are promising for surgery and artificial muscles but are limited by external pumps.
  • Existing soft actuators often require bulky and complex pumping systems, restricting their portability and integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel origami-inspired soft actuator that eliminates the need for traditional external pumps.
  • To demonstrate a bimodal deformation capability through a liquid-gas phase transition mechanism.
  • To showcase the actuator's potential in diverse applications through integrated functionalities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an origami-inspired design integrated with soft materials.
  • Implemented a liquid-gas phase transition mechanism to actuate the device.
  • Investigated the actuator's deformation modes under varying pressures (axial stretching below 5.5 kPa, radial expansion above).
  • Integrated magnetic terminals for advanced motion capabilities.

Main Results:

  • The actuator exhibited bimodal deformation: axial stretching below 5.5 kPa and radial expansion above this pressure.
  • Achieved high output force and versatile deformation modes, suitable for channel dilation and occlusion.
  • Demonstrated a bioinspired gripper and inchworm-like multigait motion in confined spaces.
  • Successfully created a wireless pneumatic soft actuator with programmable and compact solutions.

Conclusions:

  • The origami-inspired wireless pneumatic soft actuator overcomes limitations of traditional designs, offering novel functionality and deformation modes.
  • This pump-free actuator provides compact, programmable solutions advancing the field of soft robotics.
  • The bimodal deformation and integrated features enable a wide range of potential applications, from medical devices to locomotion systems.