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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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A user-defined element for simulating hydrogel injection into trabecular bone: Numerical simulations and experimental

Georgios F Samaras1, Vincent Dischl1, Anita Fung1

  • 1Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Medical Engineering & Physics
|November 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a numerical model to simulate hydrogel injection into femurs, accurately predicting bone augmentation patterns. The model aids in safer treatment planning for osteoporosis patients.

Keywords:
Abaqus user elementCoupled multiphysicsOsteoporosisTheory of porous media

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Hydrogel injection is a promising bone augmentation technique.
  • Accurate simulation of hydrogel-bone interactions is crucial for treatment planning.
  • Existing models may not fully capture the complex biomechanical and rheological factors involved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a comprehensive numerical model for simulating hydrogel injection into femurs.
  • To investigate the influence of hydrogel properties and injection parameters on augmentation patterns.
  • To assess the safety of the injection process by quantifying bone strains.

Main Methods:

  • A coupled mechanical-flow formulation based on the Theory of Porous Media was implemented.
  • The model was developed as an open-source Abaqus User Element (UEL) subroutine.
  • Hydrogel rheological properties were calibrated against experimental data from three femurs.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately predicted hydrogel volume distribution with an average Dice coefficient of 0.75.
  • Simulations revealed the impact of injection flow rate and bone permeability on hydrogel patterns.
  • Calculated solid strains remained below the tensile yield limit within the tested flow rate range.

Conclusions:

  • The developed computational tool enhances the accuracy of bone augmentation modeling.
  • This methodology can contribute to safer treatment planning for osteoporotic patients.
  • The model provides insights into hydrogel-bone interactions during injection.