Review: Attracting and retaining a farm workforce for the pork industry

This review examines factors involved in attracting and retaining the farm workforce, with implications for the pork industry, which faces unique challenges related to skills requirements, migrant workforce reliance, and public perceptions. A rapid literature review methodology was employed, analysing studies on agricultural workforce attraction and retention between the years 2000 and 2025. Perceptions of farm work differ between outsiders and insiders, with outsiders holding more negative views about working conditions; however, job characteristics like working with animals, team environments, and rural locations can be appealing to some workers. Human resource management (HRM) practices play an important role and when tailored to individual employee needs, are associated with higher retention. Career development opportunities and pathways are crucial for attracting and retaining employees, especially younger workers. Community factors, including services and social integration, influence workforce retention. Strategies are therefore required to consider job design and align employee characteristics with work demands. Developing strong employer brands emphasising positive workplace cultures, high-quality, contextualised HRM practices and supportive communities all contribute to a holistic approach to attraction and retention. Further research is recommended into: the effectiveness of interventions to enhance attraction and retention at a farm and industry level; understanding of farm worker experiences in different roles; and HRM practices most valued by those working in the pork industry. Overall, prioritising workforce research could significantly benefit the industry's ability to attract and retain valued employees.