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Area of Science:

  • * Atmospheric Science
  • * Arctic Climate Dynamics
  • * Cloud Physics

Background:

  • * Arctic amplification leads to significant changes in winter cloud properties.
  • * Uncertainty in Arctic cloud feedback mechanisms hinders climate projections.
  • * Observing Arctic low clouds is challenging, particularly from space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To constrain and explain longwave (LW) radiative flux changes in the Arctic winter.
  • * To investigate the role of cloud radiative effect (CRE) in surface warming.
  • * To determine the drivers of increasing cloud opacity.

Main Methods:

  • * Utilized two decades (1998-2023) of surface-based observations from Alaska's North Slope.
  • * Analyzed longwave flux changes and their correlation with temperature, greenhouse gases, and cloud properties.
  • * Quantified the contribution of cloud radiative effect to surface energy balance.

Main Results:

  • * Observed a significant increase in downward longwave radiative flux at the surface.
  • * Found that temperature and greenhouse gases alone cannot explain the observed flux increase.
  • * Demonstrated that increasing cloud radiative effect (0.96 ± 0.64 W/m²/K) is necessary to explain the warming trend, driven by enhanced cloud opacity in both ice-only and mixed-phase clouds.

Conclusions:

  • * Increased cloud opacity is a key driver of amplified surface warming in the Arctic winter.
  • * Surface-based observations provide crucial constraints on understanding Arctic cloud feedback.
  • * The findings suggest a positive cloud feedback loop contributing to Arctic amplification.