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Role of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator system in viral infection and replication
Shihan Yang1, Jing Chen2, Xiaoshuang Shi3
1College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
Abstract:
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator system (uPAs) consists of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPA receptor, uPAR) and the plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). Recent studies have revealed that, beyond its well-established roles in promoting fibrinolysis and degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins-thereby regulating tissue repair and tumor metastasis-this system also plays a significant role in viral infections. Specifically, the uPAs modulates viral infection processes by regulating the expression and activity of uPA and uPAR, which are involved in inflammatory response modulation, immune cell migration, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells during tissue repair in the context of viral infections. In this review, we summarize the roles of uPAs in various viral infections, aiming to deepen our understanding of the contributions of each uPA component and provide insights into potential strategies for inhibiting viral infection processes.
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