Circulating microRNAs in viral myocarditis: Advancements in biological understanding and potential clinical...

Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a prevalent inflammatory cardiac condition, characterized by highly variable clinical manifestations that present significant challenges for early diagnosis and the development of personalized treatment strategies. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop novel biomarkers and targeted therapeutic approaches to enhance its clinical management. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising candidates for disease diagnosis and treatment due to their stability as intercellular communication molecules and resistance to nuclease degradation. Their significance in various disease contexts has garnered considerable research attention. Recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing technologies, coupled with deep learning and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into RNA/protein structure prediction, have improved our understanding of the roles of regulatory networks involving circulating microRNAs in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. This systematic review covers recent evidence for the clinical applicability and limitations of the use of circulating miRNAs as specific diagnostic and therapeutic targets for viral myocarditis. It was performed with the aim of establishing a theoretical foundation and strategic framework to improve the precision of this condition's diagnosis and treatment.