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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.5K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.6K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.6K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

20.5K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
20.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.4K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
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Cluster Formation and Phase Transitions Induced by Vibrational Strong Coupling.

K Sandeep1,2, S Swaminathan1, A Jayachandran1

  • 1University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vibrational strong coupling (VSC) enhances light scattering in liquids like toluene and water by two orders of magnitude. This effect is linked to a new VSC phase, impacting molecular processes.

Keywords:
ClusterPhase transitionScatteringStrong couplingVibration

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Vibrational strong coupling (VSC) is known to alter molecular and material properties.
  • Understanding VSC's influence on bulk properties is crucial for its applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of VSC on non-resonant Rayleigh scattering in liquid-phase molecules.
  • To explore the nature and behavior of the VSC-induced phase.

Main Methods:

  • Non-resonant Rayleigh scattering measurements on liquid samples (toluene, water).
  • Inducing VSC by coupling vibrational bands in the infrared (IR) region.
  • Investigating the VSC phase transition with varying temperature and solvent composition.

Main Results:

  • Rayleigh scattering enhanced by approximately two orders of magnitude in the visible spectrum.
  • Enhanced scattering attributed to the formation of a new phase, potentially clusters.
  • The VSC phase exhibits a distinct transition behavior dependent on temperature and solvent.

Conclusions:

  • VSC significantly enhances light scattering in liquids.
  • A novel VSC phase forms, influencing scattering properties.
  • This phenomenon has implications for chemical reactivity and self-assembly processes.