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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
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Paediatric Oral Lichen Planus.

K Awad1, S Butt1, E A Field2

  • 1Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital,University Hospitals of Liverpool Group, UK.

European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry
|November 3, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) in children is uncommon but manageable. This case series highlights that pediatric OLP, while potentially malignant, showed no cancer development in a 2-year follow-up, emphasizing monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Lichen Planus is a chronic mucocutaneous disease affecting oral mucosa, skin, and more.
  • Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is less common in children than adults.
  • OLP is an oral potentially malignant disorder with a 1% risk of oral cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case series of Oral Lichen Planus diagnosed in children.
  • To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of pediatric OLP.
  • To assess the risk of malignant transformation in children with OLP.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of ten pediatric patients diagnosed with OLP.
  • Clinical diagnosis alone or confirmed by incisional biopsy.
  • Review of patient demographics, clinical presentation, treatment, and follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Ten pediatric patients (4 male, 6 female, aged 10-17) diagnosed with OLP.
  • Five clinical diagnoses and five histological diagnoses confirmed OLP.
  • One case showed moderate dysplasia on an OLP background; no oral cancer developed during a mean 2-year follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric OLP is rare but can be diagnosed clinically or histologically.
  • While OLP carries a risk of malignant transformation, no cases were observed in this pediatric cohort.
  • Ongoing monitoring is crucial for early detection of any potential malignant changes in children with OLP.