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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

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Development and Validation of the Limerence Questionnaire (LQ-11).

Lynn Marshall1, Daniel Waldeck2, Luca Pancani3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK.

Psychological Reports
|November 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed the Limerence Questionnaire-11 (LQ-11) to measure intense attachment. This validated tool assesses limerence, helping in research and clinical settings.

Keywords:
LQ-11attachment disorderlimerencepsychological inflexibilityrelationships

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Limerence is a debilitating, obsessive attachment causing negative outcomes.
  • Existing measures to assess limerence are lacking.
  • A validated instrument is needed for research and clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a short self-report measure for limerence.
  • Introduce The Limerence Questionnaire-11 (LQ-11).

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted with participants experiencing limerence (N=269 and N=401).
  • Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) identified a two-factor structure.
  • Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirmed the structure and assessed reliability and validity.

Main Results:

  • EFA revealed two factors: 'Intense Need for Attachment' and 'Neglect to Self and Others'.
  • CFA confirmed the two-factor structure with excellent internal reliability.
  • The LQ-11 demonstrated good concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity.

Conclusions:

  • The Limerence Questionnaire-11 (LQ-11) is a reliable and valid measure.
  • LQ-11 is suitable for interpersonal research and clinical/therapeutic use.
  • This questionnaire addresses the need for a standardized limerence assessment tool.