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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

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Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

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Manipulating Engram Histone Acetylation Alters Memory Consolidation.

Lisa Watt1, Liliane Glauser1, Davide M Coda1

  • 1Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Hippocampus
|November 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Histone acetylation, an epigenetic modification, is crucial for brain plasticity, learning, and memory. This study demonstrates that manipulating histone acetylation in memory-forming neurons directly impacts fear memory recall, highlighting its role in memory expression.

Keywords:
HAT/HDACdentate gyrusengramepigenetic memoryfear learninghistone acetylation

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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The epigenome regulates gene expression and is vital for brain plasticity, learning, and memory.
  • Histone acetylation is an epigenetic modification linked to learning and memory, but its role in specific neuronal populations is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of whole-genome histone acetylation in memory-bearing neuronal ensembles.
  • To determine the functional relationship between histone acetylation and memory expression in engram cells.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a genetic approach to manipulate whole-genome histone acetylation.
  • Targeted manipulation in memory-bearing neuronal ensembles (engram cells).

Main Results:

  • Increased histone acetylation promoted fear memory recall.
  • Downregulation of histone acetylation impaired fear memory recall.
  • Established a functional link between histone acetylation and memory expression in specific neuronal populations.

Conclusions:

  • Histone acetylation in memory-bearing engram cells is functionally important for memory expression.
  • Epigenetic modifications, specifically histone acetylation, represent a key mechanism for nucleus-templated brain plasticity underlying learning and memory.