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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Nada K Abdelsattar1, Taha Abd-ElSalam Ashraf Taha1, Ziad A Fadl1
1Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Al-Fayoum, Egypt.
Both levator-based and frontalis-based surgeries are effective for congenital ptosis, even with poor levator function. Levator surgery shows fewer recurrence and complication risks, but outcomes are comparable overall.
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