Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Indigenous Populations: A Scoping Review

Globally, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) rates have surged; however, Indigenous populations are underrepresented in research and face unique healthcare challenges due to socioeconomic barriers. We aimed to synthesize available literature on IBD in Indigenous populations worldwide, identify research gaps, and propose recommendations to improve research inclusivity.

A literature search was conducted across 8 online databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and others. We included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method research, alongside commentaries, editorials, and abstracts published since 1962 in English focused on IBD in Indigenous populations. The studies were critically appraised and summarized. Findings and recommendations for future research from the perspective of Indigenous patient partners were presented.

Eighteen publications were included in the review, with most originating from Canada (n = 7), New Zealand (n = 5), and Australia (n = 4), with single studies from Chile and the United States. Indigenous populations were found to have lower rates of IBD compared to the general population; however, some studies reported recently increasing rates, potentially resulting from urbanization, dietary changes, and other environmental factors. Canadian studies highlighted barriers faced by Indigenous peoples in accessing care. Notably, only 3 articles demonstrated Indigenous engagement.

This review highlights gaps in the literature about IBD in Indigenous populations. While the prevalence of IBD among Indigenous peoples is low, rates may be rising. Further research should continue studying the rising rates of IBD in Indigenous populations, alongside contributing genetic and environmental factors. Indigenous peoples must be included as research partners, and Indigenous research methodologies must be adhered to.