Glycemic control and body mass index (BMI) as risk factors for erectile dysfunction among Saudi men with diabetes: a...

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent complication among diabetic men, impacting their quality of life and overall health outcomes. Both glycemic control and body mass index (BMI) have been implicated as potential risk factors for ED in this population, but the evidence remains inconclusive, particularly in the context of Saudi Arabia.

This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the association between glycemic control, BMI, and the prevalence of ED among diabetic Saudi men.

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in major electronic databases to identify relevant studies published up to 31 December 2023. Eligible studies were cross-sectional or prospective in design, included male participants diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, and reported data on glycemic control, BMI, and ED prevalence. Data were extracted, and a random-effects model was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I ² statistic, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots.

Five studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total sample of 1710 diabetic Saudi men. The pooled analysis revealed a significant association between uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and increased risk of ED (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 0.98-9.26), with substantial heterogeneity (I ² = 92%). However, no significant association was found between high BMI (overweight or obese) and ED prevalence (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.34-1.56), with high heterogeneity (I ² = 85%). Funnel plots suggested minimal publication bias.

Our findings highlight the critical role of glycemic control in determining ED risk among diabetic Saudi men. While uncontrolled diabetes appears to significantly increase the likelihood of ED, BMI alone may not be a strong predictor in this population. Clinicians should prioritize aggressive management of diabetes to mitigate ED risk, while individualized approaches to weight management may be warranted for overall health optimization.