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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Mesocosm-Scale Constructed Wetland Design for Wastewater Treatment
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Innovative Approaches for Performance Enhancement of Constructed Wetlands.

Mamta Sharma1, Aarushi Thakur1, Asharfi Pathela1

  • 1School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab India.

Indian Journal of Microbiology
|November 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Constructed wetlands (CWs) leverage microbes for wastewater treatment. Enhancing CW performance involves microbial augmentation and optimized design for sustainable, economical water purification.

Keywords:
Artificial aerationEffluent recirculationMicrobial augmentationMicrobial fuel cellsSubstrate and plant selectionVermifiltration

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Water Treatment Engineering

Background:

  • Over 80% of global wastewater is inadequately treated, necessitating sustainable alternatives to costly conventional methods.
  • Constructed wetlands (CWs) offer an ecologically engineered, controlled approach to wastewater treatment, mimicking natural processes.
  • Microbial communities, including *Nitrosomonas*, *Proteobacteria*, and *Bacteroidetes*, are crucial for pollutant degradation in CWs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of microbes in constructed wetland (CW) systems.
  • To examine the impact of microbial augmentation on enhancing CW treatment efficiency.
  • To explore how optimizing CW components and design influences overall performance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on microbial roles and augmentation in CWs.
  • Analysis of factors influencing CW performance, including substrate, plant selection, and design parameters.
  • Investigation of innovative approaches like vermifiltration, recirculation, and microbial fuel cells.

Main Results:

  • Microbes drive nutrient and organic pollutant metabolism via nitrification, denitrification, and methanogenesis.
  • Bioaugmentation and optimized design elements significantly improve CW efficiency and pollutant removal.
  • Innovative strategies like aeration and effluent recirculation further enhance treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial activity is fundamental to the effectiveness of constructed wetlands.
  • Strategic microbial augmentation and design optimization are key to enhancing CW performance.
  • Integrating advanced techniques can improve the stability, sustainability, and implementation of CW systems.