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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

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Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

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Cerebellar dysfunction in glaucoma patients.

Anisha Kasi1,2, Ji Won Bang1,3, Vivek Trivedi1

  • 1New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY 10017, USA.

Brain Communications
|November 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glaucoma patients show weakened cerebellar connectivity, impacting balance. Brain-wide changes, including the cerebellum, may explain fall risks in glaucoma.

Keywords:
braincerebellumfunctional connectivityglaucomamagnetic resonance imaging

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Last Updated: Jan 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Glaucoma patients exhibit increased fall rates compared to healthy older adults.
  • Neural mechanisms underlying impaired balance in glaucoma are not well understood.
  • Cerebral changes in glaucoma extend beyond visual pathways, but cerebellar involvement is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in cerebellar functional connectivity in glaucoma patients.
  • To compare brain functional connectivity between glaucoma subjects and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 Tesla.
  • Comparison of 32 glaucoma patients and 10 age-matched healthy controls.
  • Regions-of-interest and seed-to-voxel analyses of cerebellar connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Glaucoma patients demonstrated reduced functional connectivity within the cerebellum.
  • Altered functional connectivity was observed between cerebral and cerebellar regions in glaucoma patients.
  • Findings suggest widespread brain changes affecting the cerebellum in glaucoma.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebellar dysfunction may contribute to impaired postural and cognitive control in glaucoma.
  • Cerebro-cerebellar alterations are implicated in the neural basis of balance deficits in glaucoma.
  • Glaucoma involves brain changes extending to the cerebellum, potentially explaining balance issues.