Parathyromatosis: A Challenging Management in a Young Girl Case Report With Literature Review

Parathytomatosis is a rare cause of persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism, defined by the presence of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissues scattered throughout the neck and mediastinum. Preoperative diagnosis and localization of all the seeded parathyroid tissue is difficult, therefore, many imaging modalities are needed to determine the localization of these lesions for a more successful outcome. We report a case of a young girl with a severe primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) from a parathyroid adenoma, with renal and bone complications. She underwent parathyroidectomy and developed 2 years later recurrent disease in the form of parathyromatosis. We review the different tools for diagnosis and management since this condition remains a challenging issue. To our best knowledge, this case is the youngest case described in the literature and highlights the difficulties of management of parathyromatosis and the potential complications that may ensue from this disease.