Endoscopic submucosal dissection, transanal endoscopic microsurgical submucosal dissection, and transanal minimally...

The management of rectal lesions has been significantly enhanced by advancements in endoscopic and minimally invasive surgical techniques. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), transanal endoscopic microsurgical submucosal dissection (TEM-ESD), and transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) offer precision and reduced morbidity for treating these conditions. This minireview evaluates the efficacy, safety, and clinical outcomes of ESD, TEM-ESD, and TAMIS, highlighting their roles in the contemporary management of rectal lesions. A desktop research study with a particular focus on ESD, TEM-ESD, and TAMIS for rectal lesions was conducted. Key outcomes assessed include complete resection rates, complication rates, recurrence rates, and functional outcomes following the procedure. ESD is noted for its high rate of en bloc resection with minimal invasiveness, suitable for large or flat lesions. TEM-ESD has demonstrated similar efficacy, with additional benefits including shorter procedure times and a more favorable learning curve, compared to traditional ESD, as evidenced by recent comparative studies. TAMIS offers a less invasive option with enhanced visualization and accessibility, supporting its use in a broader range of rectal lesion cases. ESD, TEM-ESD, and TAMIS are all effective therapeutic options for rectal lesions, each presenting unique advantages depending on lesion characteristics and patient factors.