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A Novel Framework for Developing Milestones to Measure Competency Across Physical Therapy Education
Mohamed H Elhamadany1,2,3,4,5, Marisa Birkmeier1,2,3,4,5, Stacy Zousmer1,2,3,4,5
1Mohamed H. Elhamadany is an associate professor at the Department of Physical Therapy, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202 (mohamed.elhamadany@und.edu) or (elhamadany@yahoo.com). Please address all correspondence to Mohamed H. Elhamadany.
Journal, Physical Therapy Education
|November 3, 2025
Summary
A new framework outlines 6 developmental stages and 10 performance descriptors for physical therapy (PT) learners, enhancing competency-based education (CBE) and tracking progress in PT curricula.
Area of Science:
- Physical Therapy Education
- Competency-Based Education (CBE)
- Curriculum Development
Background:
- Competency-based education (CBE) is recognized for preparing healthcare professionals. The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) Pediatrics Education Summit III convened work groups to support CBE implementation in physical therapy.
- One work group focused on developing educational milestones for physical therapy curricula.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present the development of an educational milestone framework for physical therapy curricula.
- To explore the creation of resources supporting CBE implementation in physical therapy education.
Main Methods:
- A literature review identified CBE and milestone development theories across healthcare professions.
- An iterative, multi-stage, consensus-driven process defined learner acquisition stages and performance descriptors.
- Feedback from a CBE expert advisory panel informed framework refinement.
Main Results:
- A 6-stage educational milestone framework was developed, detailing learner progression from professional to post-professional levels.
- Ten performance descriptors were identified, encompassing knowledge, skills, and attitudes for specific and associated competencies.
- The framework provides a structured approach to defining learner performance milestones.
Conclusions:
- This novel framework offers a method for developing learner performance milestones in physical therapy.
- It establishes developmental stages and performance descriptors to guide physical therapist educators.
- The framework supports the description of competence milestones in both professional and post-professional physical therapy education.
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