Chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of Saudi Arabia Artemisia sieberi essential oils

Artemisia sieberi Besser (family Asteraceae) is a perennial aromatic wild plant native to the northern region of Saudi Arabia, specifically collected near Zahwah. Analysis of the volatile oil extracted via hydrodistillation (HD) identified 48 components, accounting for 99.31% of its total composition. The major constituents identified were α-pinene (24.65%) and 1,8-cineole (11.39%). The growth inhibitory activity of A. sieberi essential oil (EO) was evaluated against three human tumour cell lines colon (HCT-116), liver (HepG2), and breast (MCF-7). Results demonstrated notable cytotoxic activity, with particularly significant effects observed against the breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line.