Upper Extremity Neuropathies in Athletes

Upper extremity neuropathies are an important and sometimes overlooked etiology of upper extremity pain and dysfunction in athletes. While classic neuropathic symptoms such as numbness, paresthesias, and weakness in the distribution of the affected peripheral nerve can occur, clinical presentations are often subtle and nonspecific. On physical exam, clinicians may identify neurological deficits, Tinel sign over the suspected compression site, and positive provocative tests reproducing symptoms. Diagnostic tools such as EMG/NCS and imaging modalities (radiographs, ultrasound, and MRI) can help confirm the diagnosis. Treatment usually begins with nonoperative approaches, though surgery may be needed if symptoms persist or worsen. This article provides an updated review of the evaluation and management of common upper extremity neuropathies in athletes.