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Radical Formation: Homolysis

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Iron-Catalyzed C(sp³)-H Amination Enabled by Visible-Light β-Homolysis.

Huan-Huan Zhao¹, Xu-Gang Zhang², Hao-Wen Jiang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.

Organic Letters

|November 3, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a new visible light method for C(sp3)-H amination using iron catalysis. The process efficiently creates C-N bonds via a high-valent iron species, offering a scalable and practical synthetic route.

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Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Catalysis
Photochemistry

Background:

C(sp3)-H amination is crucial for synthesizing nitrogen-containing compounds.
Existing methods often require harsh conditions or expensive catalysts.
Development of efficient and mild amination strategies is highly desirable.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel visible light-mediated C(sp3)-H amination strategy.
To utilize iron catalysis for efficient C-N bond formation.
To establish a practical and scalable method for amination.

Main Methods:

Visible light irradiation.
Iron catalysis using Fe(NO3)3·9H2O.
Ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mechanism.
Generation of a high-valent Fe(IV)=O species.
Alkyl radical formation for C-N bond construction.

Main Results:

Successful visible light-mediated C(sp3)-H amination.
Efficient formation of C-N bonds.
Broad functional group tolerance.
Excellent scalability demonstrated.
Mild reaction conditions achieved.

Conclusions:

The developed strategy provides a practical platform for C(sp3)-H amination.
Iron catalysis combined with visible light offers an efficient route to C-N bonds.
The method is suitable for complex molecule synthesis due to its mildness and scalability.