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Working memory shapes information sampling and attention allocation across development.

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Working memory limits guide how people seek information. When working memory is taxed, adults explore more broadly, similar to children, showing memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Human Information Processing
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Information sampling strategies change significantly from childhood to adulthood.
  • Existing theories on developmental differences in information sampling are insufficient.
  • Working memory constraints are hypothesized to underlie broad information sampling in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of working memory in shaping information sampling strategies.
  • To test whether working memory load induces broader information sampling in adults.
  • To differentiate between working memory constraints and generalized task impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Adult participants performed decision-making and category learning tasks under varying working memory load conditions (dual-task paradigm).
  • Information sampling patterns were analyzed under cognitive load.
  • Computational modeling was used to assess information encoding and compare with selective attention models.

Main Results:

  • Adults under working memory load exhibited broader information sampling patterns, resembling those of young children.
  • Task performance remained successful despite increased exploration and distributed attention.
  • Computational models indicated broader information encoding under load, not generalized impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory limitations causally influence information sampling strategies.
  • Developmental shifts in information sampling may be driven by changes in working memory capacity.
  • Findings support a working memory constraint model for developmental changes in attention and exploration.