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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools

A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools

Published on: August 21, 2019

miRScore: A rapid and precise microRNA validation tool.

Allison Vanek^1,2, Sam Griffiths-Jones³, Blake C Meyers⁴

¹Bioinformatics and Genomics Ph.D. Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

Plos Computational Biology

|November 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

miRScore is a new tool that validates microRNA (miRNA) annotations using small RNA sequencing data. It improves the accuracy of new miRNA submissions to databases, enhancing overall miRNA annotation quality.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genomics
Bioinformatics

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial gene regulators in eukaryotes.
Small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) is key for discovering and annotating miRNAs.
Current methods often result in false-positive miRNA annotations, necessitating better validation.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce miRScore, an independent tool for validating novel miRNA annotations.
To provide a robust method for assessing the reliability of miRNA candidates from sRNA-seq data.

Main Methods:

miRScore integrates structural and expression-based analyses of sRNA-seq data.
It offers detailed metrics and visualizations for evaluating miRNA annotations.
The tool is designed for rapid and efficient validation.

Main Results:

miRScore provides reliable validation of new miRNA annotations.
It enhances user confidence in assessing miRNA annotation quality.
The tool aids in improving the accuracy of miRNA submissions to databases.

Conclusions:

miRScore is an efficient and independent tool for validating miRNA annotations.
It has the potential to significantly improve the quality of miRNA databases.
miRScore can also serve as a resource for re-evaluating existing miRNA annotations.