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Using the postmortem epinecrotic microbiome as a tool for time since death estimations.

Diana Marshall1, Maiken Ueland2,3, Annemarie Nadort4

  • 1Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 2007 Ultimo, Australia.

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|November 3, 2025
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Summary

Forensic microbiology offers a new way to estimate the time since death (postmortem interval). Analyzing the microbiome, or microbial community, can improve accuracy in forensic investigations.

Keywords:
16S rRNA sequencingdecompositionepinecrotic microbiomeexternal necrobiomepostmortem interval estimationthanatomicrobiometime since death

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic microbiology
  • Decomposition science

Background:

  • Accurate postmortem interval (PMI) estimation is vital in forensic investigations.
  • Current PMI methods can lack accuracy and rely on subjective interpretation.
  • The human microbiome significantly influences decomposition processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of forensic microbiology for PMI estimation.
  • To discuss the benefits of epinecrotic microbiome sampling.
  • To outline steps for integrating microbial analysis into forensic practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on microbial analysis and decomposition.
  • Exploration of genetic identification techniques for bacteria.
  • Discussion of epinecrotic microbiome sampling strategies.

Main Results:

  • Microbial analysis shows potential for increased accuracy in PMI estimation.
  • Bacteria are ubiquitous, persistent, and genetically identifiable, making them valuable forensic markers.
  • Epinecrotic microbiome sampling offers advantages for PMI determination.

Conclusions:

  • Forensic microbiology can complement existing PMI estimation techniques.
  • Standardization, foundational validity, and collaboration are crucial for legal acceptance.
  • Further research is needed to integrate microbial analysis into routine forensic practice.