[Resilience sensing in skeletal muscle regeneration through mechanosensitive ion channels]

Skeletal muscle possesses remarkable plasticity and regenerative capacity, supported by satellite cells (skeletal muscle stem cells) that can respond to both physical and chemical stimuli by activation and differentiation. Recently, the ability of stem cells to adapt to environmental changes has been conceptualized as "resilience," emerging as a key topic in stem cell biology. This review focuses on how satellite cells sense mechanical perturbations during muscle regeneration and convert them into biological responses, highlighting the roles of the mechanosensitive ion channels PIEZO1 and TRPM7. PIEZO1 regulates proliferative responses in accordance with substrate stiffness, whereas TRPM7 promotes the retraction of quiescent projections and cellular activation via Mg²⁺ influx, also functioning upstream of the mTOR pathway to modulate the cell cycle and differentiation. These findings suggest that the mechanotransductive responses of satellite cells are multilayered and mechanosensitive ion channel-specific.