[Advances in diagnostic criteria and multimodal diagnostic techniques for endodontics]

Pulpitis is an inflammatory response of the pulp tissue triggered by bacterial infection or mechanical trauma. Current diagnostic criteria classify it into two categories: reversible pulpitis and irreversible pulpitis. Wolters et al. proposed a four-level classification of pulpitis based on clinical symptoms, establishing a guiding framework for minimally invasive endodontics. With the development of precision medicine and molecular biological diagnostic techniques, biomarker detection has emerged as a quantitative tool for determining endodontic status. Diagnostic techniques that integrate multimodal information such as pain intensity assessment, endodontic diagnostic testing and biomarker detection can break through the limitations of traditional or single diagnostic methods, which not only providing clinicians with more scientific and comprehensive ideas for endodontic status assessment and treatment decision options, but also promoting the transition to precision medicine for endodontic diagnosis.