[Neural regulation mechanism in bone regeneration].

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Global aging increases degenerative bone diseases and injuries, highlighting the need for bone regenerative medicine.
• Innervation critically regulates bone regeneration, with sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems exerting opposing effects.
• Nerve fibers are distributed within bone alongside blood vessels, influencing regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review neural regulatory mechanisms in bone regeneration.
• To elucidate the roles of key neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in the neuro-osseous axis.
• To explore future directions integrating neural regulation into bone defect treatments.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on neural regulation in bone regeneration.
• Analysis of neuropeptide functions and their impact on bone tissue.
• Discussion of advanced in vitro models and techniques for studying neuro-osseous interactions.

Main Results:

• The sympathetic nervous system negatively regulates bone regeneration, while the parasympathetic system positively influences it.
• Neuropeptides like CGRP, Substance P, NPY, and VIP are crucial mediators of the neuro-osseous axis.
• Nerve signals modulate bone regeneration by directly affecting cell receptors or indirectly altering the local microenvironment.

Conclusions:

• Neuropeptides are central to neuro-osseous interactions, regulating osteoblast-osteoclast balance, angiogenesis, and microenvironment homeostasis.
• Further research using advanced models like 3D bioprinted bone and organoids is needed to clarify neuropeptide networks.
• Integrating neural regulation strategies offers promising new avenues for treating bone defects and promoting functional tissue regeneration.