Research Progress on the Oral-Gut Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The global prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasing in recent years, paralleling a growing recognition of gut dysbiosis as a pivotal etiological factor. Emerging evidence reveals intricate crosstalk between the oral and gut microbial ecosystems, with oral-derived microbiota potentially translocating to the intestinal tract through hematogenous or enteral routes. This microbial crosstalk has crystallized into an "oral-gut axis" pattern, providing novel mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we summarize currently available studies on the oral-gut axis and the relationship between the oral-gut axis and IBD to evaluate the role of the axis in the pathogenesis of IBD development.