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Increasing temperatures affect thoracic muscle performance in Arctic bumblebees.

Charlie Woodrow1, Guadalupe Sepúlveda-Rodríguez2, Samyuktha Rajan2

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Arctic bumblebees face threats from rising temperatures impacting their vital buzzing sounds. This study reveals how heat affects non-flight muscle vibrations, crucial for defense and pollination, with implications for plant-pollinator interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Zoology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Rising temperatures pose a significant threat to Arctic insect biodiversity.
  • High temperatures disrupt the physiology of cold-adapted pollinators like bumblebees.
  • The effects of temperature on bumblebee non-flight muscle functions, such as defensive buzzing, are largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermal performance of non-flight muscle function in 15 Arctic bumblebee species.
  • To measure thorax vibrations during defensive buzzing behavior across a range of temperatures.
  • To understand how temperature influences key bumblebee behaviors beyond flight.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed thermal performance of non-flight muscle function in 15 Arctic bumblebee species.
  • Measured thorax vibrations during defensive buzzing behavior.
  • Analyzed the relationship between air/thorax temperature and vibration characteristics (acceleration, frequency).

Main Results:

  • Thorax acceleration peaked at 25°C, declining thereafter, suggesting a strategy to prevent overheating.
  • Vibration frequency increased with temperature, correlating better with thorax than air temperature.
  • No significant differences in thermal response were observed across species, castes, or thermal habitat specializations.

Conclusions:

  • Arctic bumblebee non-flight vibrations are similarly susceptible to unfavorable temperatures across species.
  • Disruption of buzzing behavior due to heat could negatively impact essential plant-pollinator interactions, including buzz pollination.
  • Findings highlight the vulnerability of crucial ecosystem services provided by bumblebees in a warming Arctic.