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High-resolution Patterning Using Two Modes of Electrohydrodynamic Jet: Drop on Demand and Near-field Electrospinning

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Optimizing driving waveforms to enhance inkjet printing speed.

Chao Sui¹, Wenchao Zhou²

¹AM3 Lab, University of Arkansas, 102B Mechanical Engineering Building, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.

Scientific Reports

|November 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers optimized piezoelectric inkjet printing waveforms to significantly increase printing speed. This advancement overcomes a key bottleneck for industrial-scale manufacturing, achieving up to a five-fold speed improvement.

Keywords:

DOD Equivalent printing speed Inkjet printing Waveform optimization

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Last Updated: Jan 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Engineering
Physics

Background:

Inkjet printing offers high resolution and material versatility but suffers from slow printing speeds, hindering large-scale manufacturing.
Optimizing waveform parameters is crucial for enhancing piezoelectric inkjet printing performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a strategy for increasing piezoelectric inkjet printing speed through waveform parameter optimization.
To establish an equivalent printing speed metric for fair comparison across different inkjet printing setups.

Main Methods:

Defined an equivalent printing speed metric to normalize for variations in nozzle size and other configuration differences.
Designed a benchmark driving signal to match a commercial printhead's speed.
Optimized the benchmark signal parameters to maximize printing speed.
Experimentally validated the optimized signal using a custom setup with high-speed imaging.

Main Results:

The optimized waveform parameters successfully enabled stable jetting at higher speeds.
A significant improvement in printing speed, up to five-fold compared to the benchmark signal, was achieved.
Real-time droplet formation analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the optimized signal.

Conclusions:

Optimized waveform parameters offer a viable strategy to substantially enhance piezoelectric inkjet printing speed.
The developed equivalent printing speed metric provides a standardized approach for comparing printing performance.
This research paves the way for faster, more efficient industrial inkjet printing applications.