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AE-based classification and fracture process analysis of flawed marble with stress intensity factor validation
Peng Sha1,2, Jiakang Fan3, You Lv3
1Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards, School of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China. shapeng@usx.edu.cn.
Scientific Reports
|November 3, 2025
Summary
This study introduces a new acoustic emission (AE) classification criterion for marble crack analysis. This method accurately distinguishes between tensile and shear cracks, improving rock stability predictions.
Area of Science:
- Geotechnical Engineering
- Rock Mechanics
- Materials Science
Background:
- Rock mass stability is significantly affected by pre-existing cracks.
- Micro-mechanisms of crack evolution under varied geometries are not well understood.
- Accurate real-time crack-type discrimination is crucial for predicting rock failure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel, rock-specific acoustic emission (AE) classification criterion for marble.
- To quantitatively differentiate between tensile and shear cracks in real-time.
- To establish a reliable framework for early warning of rock instability.
Main Methods:
- Integrated notched semi-circular bend (NSCB) and straight-notched Brazilian disc (SNBD) tests were used to establish the AE classification criterion.
- Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring was combined with stress intensity factor (SIF) analysis.
- Uniaxial compression tests were performed on marble specimens with varying crack inclinations and lengths.
Main Results:
- A new AE classification criterion was established: tensile cracks (AF > 40 RA + 30) and shear cracks (AF < 20 RA + 30).
- Crack inclination was found to govern the transition from tensile to shear failure.
- Crack length was observed to accelerate damage accumulation.
- Coupled AE-SIF analysis effectively captured micro-mechanical crack evolution.
Conclusions:
- The developed AE classification criterion provides a quantitative, material-adapted method for real-time crack-type discrimination.
- The study successfully bridges microscopic fracture processes with macroscopic failure modes.
- This research offers a robust framework for enhancing early warning systems for rock instability.
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