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Multimode photodiode on germanium-on-silicon for TE0,TE1, and TE2 modes.

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    Summary

    This study presents a germanium-on-silicon multimode photodiode (PD) supporting mode-division multiplexing (MDM) for optical systems. The device achieves high bandwidth and enables 200 Gb/s PAM4 modulation, crucial for future photonic neural networks.

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    Area of Science:

    • Integrated Optics
    • Optoelectronics
    • Silicon Photonics

    Background:

    • Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is gaining traction in integrated optics for increased data capacity.
    • Developing efficient multimode photodiodes (PDs) is essential for realizing MDM systems.
    • Germanium-on-silicon (GeSi) platforms offer a promising route for high-performance photonic devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel multimode photodiode (PD) on a germanium-on-silicon (GeSi) platform.
    • To enable the detection of multiple optical modes (TE0, TE1, TE2) for mode-division multiplexing (MDM).
    • To achieve high-speed operation suitable for advanced optical communication and processing.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a GeSi multimode PD with specific germanium dimensions (8 µm width, 10 µm length).
    • Integration of an on-chip inductor and a U-shaped electrode to enhance device bandwidth.
    • Characterization of responsivity and electro-optic (OE) bandwidth for individual TE modes.

    Main Results:

    • The multimode PD exhibits responsivities of 0.93 A/W (TE0), 1.05 A/W (TE1), and 0.91 A/W (TE2).
    • Achieved 3-dB OE bandwidths of 55.5 GHz (TE0), 55.2 GHz (TE1), and 53.3 GHz (TE2).
    • Successfully demonstrated 200 Gb/s PAM4 modulation for all three detected modes.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed GeSi multimode PD effectively supports MDM by detecting TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes.
    • The device's high bandwidth and modulation capability make it suitable for high-capacity optical systems.
    • This technology is a key enabler for applications like mode-division multiplexing photonic neural network (PNN) accelerators.