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Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen01:14

Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen

A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
When a user touches the screen, the two layers make contact at a specific point known as the touchpoint. This contact reduces the resistance between...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
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Smartphone-integrated portable liquid-level and RI sensor based on a coupling technique using POF.

Abdul Ghaffar, Mujahid Mehdi, Sadam Hussain

    Optics Letters
    |November 4, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a portable dual-parameter optical fiber sensing system integrated with a smartphone for simultaneous liquid-level and refractive index (RI) measurements. The novel system utilizes a smartphone

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Sensor Technology
    • Optical Fiber Sensing
    • Smartphone Integration

    Background:

    • Current portable sensors face limitations in multipoint measurements due to signal decoupling and integration challenges.
    • Extending smartphone-based sensors to dual-parameter applications requires innovative approaches.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a portable dual-parameter optical fiber sensing system integrated with a smartphone.
    • To demonstrate the system's capability for simultaneous liquid-level and refractive index (RI) measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • A dual-parameter optical fiber sensor was fabricated with two distinct coupling zones on a single fiber.
    • A smartphone's flashlight and dual-camera system were utilized as the light source and detectors, respectively.
    • The sensing mechanism relies on light coupling modulation influenced by RI changes.

    Main Results:

    • The liquid-level sensing demonstrated a range of 0-100 mm with a resolution of 0.007 mm.
    • Refractive index (RI) sensing achieved a range of 1.333-1.361 RIU with a resolution of 1.03 × 10-4 RIU.
    • The dual-camera system enabled high-resolution performance in a compact, field-deployable format.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed smartphone-integrated optical fiber system offers a versatile solution for dual-parameter sensing.
    • This technology enables accurate and high-resolution field measurements for liquid level and RI.
    • The compact and integrated design facilitates portable and on-site analytical applications.