Recent advances and future directions in gynecologic radiation oncology

Radiotherapy remains crucial to the management of gynecologic cancers. This review highlights recent advances in radiation delivery, integration with systemic therapies, and the evolving role of radiotherapy across definitive, adjuvant, recurrent, and palliative settings.

Trials in cervical cancer have established survival gains with novel systemic combinations, while adaptive and standardized radiation protocols continue to improve precision and outcomes. In endometrial cancer, molecular classification is informing adjuvant therapy selection and driving subtype-specific clinical trials. Expanding use of stereotactic body radiotherapy and proton therapy in ovarian and recurrent disease demonstrates feasibility and durable control. Efforts in reirradiation, palliative care, and survivorship underscore the need for safe dose escalation, symptom management, and long-term quality of life research. Persistent disparities and rising costs emphasize the importance of value-based and equitable care delivery.

Emerging imaging and adaptive techniques are making radiation for gynecologic cancers more precise and individualized. Advances in brachytherapy, stereotactic approaches, and proton therapy are refining delivery, while integration with systemic and molecularly guided strategies is broadening therapeutic impact. Ongoing priorities include reducing disparities, improving survivorship, and translating technological progress into accessible, patient-centered care.