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Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
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Engineering Nanoscale Interfacial Solvation Inner-Outer Configuration via Multi-Group Synergy for Practical Zinc

Yeguang Zhang1, Zichang Zhang1, Haozhen Dou2

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel biomolecular additive strategy precisely controls interfacial solvation structures in aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs), enabling long-lifespan performance at low temperatures and high depths of discharge.

Keywords:
Aqueous zinc‐ion batteriesDouble electric layerInterfacial solvation structureMolecular dynamics simulationMultifunctional interface

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Designing stable interfaces in electric double layers (EDLs) is crucial for aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs).
  • Controlling solvation structures at the electrode-electrolyte interface presents a significant challenge for AZMB performance.
  • Existing strategies often struggle to balance stability, ion transport, and operational conditions like low temperature and high depth of discharge (DOD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rational design strategy for interfacial solvation structures in AZMBs.
  • To enhance the long-term stability and performance of AZMBs under demanding conditions.
  • To investigate the role of multifunctional biomolecular additives in regulating the zinc anode interface.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a multi-group synergy strategy using trace multifunctional biomolecular additives.
  • Utilized combined in situ experimental techniques and theoretical simulations.
  • Analyzed the formation of specific solvation shells (Zn2+ in OHL, additive-involved and H2O/anion-less in IHL).

Main Results:

  • Achieved a synergistic organic-inorganic hybrid interface that suppresses hydrogen evolution and accelerates desolvation.
  • Demonstrated formation of positively charged Zn2+ solvation shells in the outer Helmholtz layer (OHL) and additive-involved, H2O/anion-less shells in the inner Helmholtz layer (IHL).
  • Zn anodes exhibited high coulombic efficiency (99.65%), long lifespan (>6500 h), and stable operation at -20°C and 85.4% DOD.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed biomolecular additive strategy effectively regulates interfacial solvation structures at the nanoscale.
  • This approach leads to significantly improved AZMB performance, including enhanced stability, ion transport, and lifespan under challenging conditions.
  • Demonstrated practical viability with high-capacity Zn||VO2 batteries and stable pouch cells under demanding conditions.