Proteomic perspectives on platelet reactivity: towards precision thrombosis research

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Vascular Biology

Background:

• Platelet protein systems are crucial for hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation.
• Clinical application of platelet proteomics research is currently limited.
• Understanding platelet function requires advanced proteomic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in platelet proteome research.
• To highlight the role of platelet proteomics in development, aging, and disease.
• To explore the clinical translation of platelet proteomics findings.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent studies on platelet proteomes and function.
• Analysis of phosphoproteomics data for signaling pathways.
• Examination of platelet secretomes, extracellular vesicles, and thrombus proteomic profiles.

Main Results:

• Defined platelet proteomes associated with hypoactivity and hyperactivity across developmental and aging states.
• Identified signaling pathways linked to platelet dysregulation in aging, nutrient states, and diseases via phosphoproteomics.
• Uncovered disease-associated signatures in diabetes, neurodegeneration, cancer, and myeloproliferative neoplasms from secretome and extracellular vesicle analyses.
• Revealed distinct platelet signatures in thrombi from myocardial infarction, stroke, and sepsis, implicating roles in clot architecture, fibrinolysis resistance, and immune crosstalk.

Conclusions:

• Platelet proteomics defines alterations in platelet composition due to development, aging, and disease.
• Identified molecular effectors of platelet function, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.
• Platelet proteomics is poised to advance precision strategies for thrombotic and inflammatory disorders and refine vascular biology models.