Engineering Supramolecular Assemblies via Metal-Metal Interactions for Biological Applications

Area of Science:

• Supramolecular chemistry
• Materials science
• Nanotechnology
• Bioinorganic chemistry

Background:

• Self-assembly is a key strategy for creating tunable supramolecular nanoarchitectures.
• d⁸ transition metal complexes are attractive for bioimaging and therapy due to metallophilic interactions.
• These interactions lead to red-shifted optical properties beneficial for deep-tissue penetration and reduced cytotoxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in supramolecular assemblies via metal-metal interactions for bioimaging and therapy.
• To summarize design strategies, self-assembly, and properties of these assemblies.
• To discuss challenges and opportunities for biological applications.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on d⁸ transition metal complex self-assembly.
• Analysis of design strategies and self-assembly processes.
• Evaluation of photochemical, photophysical, bioimaging, and therapeutic properties.

Main Results:

• Self-assembled nanoaggregates enhance cellular uptake and can induce cell death, overcoming chemotherapy resistance.
• Metallophilic interactions ensure stability during in vivo circulation, enabling effective tumor targeting.
• Red-shifted absorption and emission properties are advantageous for phototherapy and bioimaging.

Conclusions:

• Supramolecular assemblies offer an innovative approach to enhance tumor treatment efficacy.
• These assemblies demonstrate significant potential in both bioimaging and therapeutic applications.
• Further research can address challenges and unlock opportunities for broader biological use.