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A community pharmacy injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT) pilot program improved outcomes for individuals with opioid use disorder. The model offers a novel strategy to expand treatment access for those who have not responded to oral OAT.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment access is limited, especially for those unresponsive to oral opioid agonist treatment (OAT).
  • A pilot injectable OAT (iOAT) program was implemented in a community pharmacy setting in Vancouver, Canada.
  • This report details the program's structure, participant characteristics, outcomes, and areas for enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of a community pharmacy-based injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT) model.
  • To describe the sociodemographics and treatment experiences of participants in the iOAT program.
  • To identify strengths and areas for improvement in the pharmacy-based iOAT model.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of cross-sectional questionnaire data from 176 participants in an iOAT program.
  • Descriptive statistical analysis of participant-reported outcomes (symptomatology, function, satisfaction).
  • Content analysis of open-ended responses to identify program strengths and areas for improvement.

Main Results:

  • 51 participants completed the questionnaire; most had prior overdoses and oral OAT trials.
  • Key outcomes included reduced illicit opioid use (76%), decreased cravings (45%), and reduced illicit substance use (45%).
  • Program strengths cited were positive staff interactions and pharmacy efficiency; suggested improvements included medication options, extended hours, and support services.

Conclusions:

  • Community pharmacy-based iOAT is a viable strategy to increase access to evidence-based OUD treatment.
  • This model is particularly beneficial for individuals who inject opioids and have not succeeded with or prefer not to use oral OAT.
  • The findings highlight the potential of innovative pharmacy-based models to address gaps in OUD treatment.