Impact of Lung Function and COPD on the Prevalence and Mortality of CKM Syndrome: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 12, 2026
Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Published on: June 16, 2014
Jisong Yan1,2, Xingyao Tang1,3, Minghui Shi1,3
1National Center for Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.
Background:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome are major public health concerns, yet their interrelationship remains under-explored. This study investigates the impact of lung function and COPD on the prevalence and mortality of CKM syndrome using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012.
Methods:
A cross-sectional analysis of 5569 adults was conducted, defining CKM stages per the 2023 American Heart Association framework. Lung function was assessed via prebronchodilator spirometry, with COPD classified using GOLD criteria. Advanced CKM syndrome (stages 3-4) was the primary outcome. Associations were evaluated using survey-weighted logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and cox proportional hazards models.
Results:
Among participants, 10.7% had advanced CKM syndrome. COPD was significantly associated with advanced CKM(adjusted OR = 1.52 [1.11, 2.09]), with escalating risks across GOLD stages (GOLD stage II: OR = 2.13 [1.21, 3.74]; GOLD stage III-IV: OR = 4.38 [1.06, 18.02]). Pre-COPD conditions, including preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) (OR = 2.62 [1.66, 4.14]) and chronic bronchitis (OR = 2.60 [1.50, 4.53]), also showed significant associations. COPD increased all-cause mortality (HR = 1.40 [1.04, 1.89]) and cardiovascular-related mortality (HR = 1.81 [1.04, 3.14]) in individuals aged ≥50 with advanced CKM.
Conclusion:
COPD is strongly associated with advanced CKM syndrome and increased mortality. These findings highlight the systemic impact of lung health on CKM progression and outcomes, emphasizing the need for integrated screening and management strategies targeting both pulmonary and cardiometabolic health, especially in older adults.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction
01:20COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
01:22Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
01:27Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
Medical History
01:25Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
01:25Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction