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VGF AQEE- and GGEE-peptides differentiate between dementia types.

B Noli1, B Muqaku2, M Gouda3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

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|November 4, 2025
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Summary

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) share symptoms, complicating diagnosis. New research shows AQEE-10 and GGEE peptides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can help differentiate DLB from AD and controls.

Keywords:
Alzheimer´s diseaseBiomarkerCerebrospinal fluidLewy Body dementiaNeuroproteinVGF

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) present overlapping clinical features, posing diagnostic challenges.
  • AQEE and GGEE peptides, derived from proVGF, are potential cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for dementia.
  • Previous studies indicated reduced AQEE-10 and GGEE levels in DLB patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diagnostic utility of AQEE-10 and GGEE peptides in differentiating dementia subtypes.
  • To analyze CSF samples from new and previous cohorts to validate biomarker potential.

Main Methods:

  • CSF samples from patients with Parkinson's disease dementia/DLB, AD, and healthy controls were analyzed.
  • AQEE-10 levels were quantified using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and ELISA.
  • GGEE levels were measured using ELISA.

Main Results:

  • MRM analysis showed significantly reduced AQEE-10 levels in DLB compared to controls and AD (ROC-AUC: 78% and 82%).
  • ELISA confirmed reduced AQEE-10 and GGEE levels in DLB, with a positive correlation between them.
  • These findings support the peptides' role in distinguishing DLB.

Conclusions:

  • AQEE-10 and GGEE peptides are promising CSF biomarkers for differentiating DLB from AD and other dementias.
  • The study validates and extends previous findings on these proVGF-derived peptides.
  • Further research can explore their clinical application in dementia diagnosis.