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Timing inaccessibility and the projection bound: Resolving Maxwell's demon for continuous biological substrates.

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Biological systems gain efficiency by deferring irreversible temporal registration, exploiting path degeneracy to overcome digital simulation limits. This thermodynamic advantage stems from sub-Landauer energy dissipation during evolution, paying only at output projection.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Information Theory
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Biological systems often outperform digital simulations thermodynamically.
  • The Landauer limit defines the minimum energy for irreversible computation.
  • Digital systems struggle with high-dimensional data and temporal complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the thermodynamic advantage of biological continuous substrates over digital simulators.
  • To quantify the energy costs associated with temporal registration and projection in biological systems.
  • To establish a framework reconciling stochastic resonance and order inaccessibility.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of a Projection Bound for quasistatic projection.
  • Application of a Temporal Registration Bound for order over time.
  • Estimation of path degeneracy for biological processes like protein folding and neural dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Biological systems exploit "timing inaccessibility" below the Landauer threshold, leading to path degeneracy.
  • Projection cost scales logarithmically with degeneracy (lnG~D), contrasting with exponential digital scaling.
  • Estimated biological degeneracies range from 10^42 to 10^100, depending on the process.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous biological substrates achieve efficiency by integrating sub-Landauer couplings and deferring projection.
  • The derived bounds quantify the gap between digital and biological computational efficiency.
  • Analog and neuromorphic systems benefit from deferring projection for enhanced efficiency.