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Related Concept Videos

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Evaluating Cell Death Signaling by Immunofluorescence in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke
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Complement proteins changes in ischemic stroke patients and their relation to outcome.

Radosław Opiła1, Karolina Łuczkowska2, Edyta Paczkowska3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Pediatric Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.

Immunobiology
|November 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Complement system factor levels decrease in ischemic stroke patients within a week. Higher baseline C9 levels indicate a worse outcome, highlighting its role in acute ischemic stroke prognosis.

Keywords:
C2C5C5aC9ComplementIschemic stroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The complement system is crucial in innate immunity and inflammation.
  • Its role in ischemic stroke pathogenesis is complex and not fully understood.
  • Dynamic changes in complement factors may influence stroke outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic changes in plasma complement factor levels during the acute phase of ischemic stroke.
  • To correlate these changes with stroke severity and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma samples were collected from 84 ischemic stroke patients within 24 hours of symptom onset and on day 7.
  • Luminex immunoassay was used to quantify levels of complement factors C1q, C2, C3, C3b, C4, C4b, C5, C5a, and C9.
  • National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess stroke severity.

Main Results:

  • Most complement factors (C1q, C2, C3, C3b, C4, C4b, C5, C5a) showed significantly lower levels on day 7 compared to day 1.
  • Patients with poor outcomes (NIHSS ≥16 or death) exhibited higher C9 levels at both time points.
  • Higher C2, C5, and C5a levels were observed on day 7 in patients with poor outcomes.
  • Complement factors C2, C5, C5a, and C9 correlated with the final NIHSS score.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma complement factor levels undergo dynamic changes in the early hours and days following an ischemic stroke.
  • Elevated baseline C9 levels are associated with worse outcomes in the acute phase of ischemic stroke.
  • These findings suggest C9 may serve as a potential biomarker for predicting stroke severity and prognosis.