Exploring adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among those seeking treatment for gambling problems: A mixed-methods...

This mixed-methods study explores the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and gambling-related harm among individuals seeking treatment in the UK.

Drawing on survey data from 195 clients across two treatment providers and in-depth interviews with ten participants, the study investigates the prevalence of ACEs, perceived links to gambling behaviour, and treatment experiences.

Quantitative findings revealed that 81.1 % of treatment-seekers reported at least one ACE, and 40.5 % reported four or more - five times higher than national population estimates. Women reported significantly higher proportions of ACE exposure than men, particularly in relation to emotional and sexual abuse. Participants with the most severe gambling problems also had the highest ACE prevalence. Qualitative interviews highlighted three key themes: intergenerational transmission of addiction, gambling as a form of emotional regulation, and mixed experiences of treatment. Some participants described gambling as a way to escape distress rooted in childhood trauma, while others expressed the importance of trauma-informed, person-centred counselling.

Overall, the findings suggest that ACEs are highly relevant to the development and treatment of gambling harm. We argue for routine ACE screening in gambling treatment services and call for more consistent integration of trauma-informed care to better support recovery among those with complex needs.